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3 years ago

What is the oxidation state of an individual phosphorus atom in po33−? express the oxidation state numerically (e.g., +1)?

1 answer:

5 0

First, consider the overall charge of the ion. This is -3.
We know that the overall charge is the sum of the charges of the constituent atoms. Moreover, oxygen exhibits a -2 charge usually. We will now use this information:

Sum of charges:

P + 3O = -3
P + 3(-2) = -3
P = +3

Therefore, phosphorus has a charge of +3 in the phosphate ion.

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Why do atoms tend to bonded to other atoms

ExtremeBDS [4]

<u>Answer:</u>

Atoms tend to gain or lose of shares electron in order to get 8 electrons in the outer shell which is called as Octet Rule. “Octa” means 8.

All atoms except noble gases have less than 8 electrons in its outer shell.

These atoms are unstable.

To attain stability atoms either gains or losses or shares electron to get 8 electrons in its outer shell.

Noble gases having 8 electrons in the outer shell is inert and non reactive.

Atomic number = number of electrons = number of protons.

Atomic number of sodium is 11

So the atom contains 11 protons and 11 electrons

To find the number of neutrons we make use of the formula

Mass number - atomic number = number of neutrons

From the periodic table, we know mass number of sodium is 23

So number of neutron = 23 - 11 = 12.

When a sodium atom loses an electron it will have 11 positive protons and 10 negative electrons. Since 1 positive charge is more, Na becomes $Na^+$ .

Positively charged ion is called as cation

Chlorine atomic number is 17 so it has 17 protons and 17 electrons.

When it gains an electrons it will have 17 positive protons and 18 negative electrons since 1 negative charge is more, Cl becomes $Cl^-$ .

Negatively charged ion is called as anion.

The electrostatic attraction between Na+ and Cl- due to the opposite charges gets attracted and forms a bond called ionic bond.

Covalent bond is the bond formed by sharing of electrons. Covalent bond is found among non metals.

For example

$H_2 O$

$Cl_2,O_2,N_2$ are some examples in which we can see covalant bonds

Two atoms of chlorine shares its electrons to form a covalent bond. Chlorine contains 7 electrons in its outer shell.

First chlorine shares its electron with the second one to make it get 8 electrons in its outer shell.

Same way second chlorine shares its electron with the second one to make it get 8 electrons in its outer shell

Each chlorine shares one of its electron with the other to make the other atom to get 8 electrons in the outer shell.

Oxygen contains 6 electrons in its outer shell. Each Oxygen atom shares two of its electron with the other oxygen atom to make it get 8 in the outer shell.

Having 8 electrons in the outer shell makes the atom stable. Thats why atoms either gains or loss or shares electrons to get 8 electrons in the outer shell.

3 0

3 years ago

Read 2 more answers

What is the freezing point of an aqueous solution that boils at 105.4 ∘c?

Schach [20]

Answer : -19.6

Explanation : We can calculate this using the combine equation of boiling point and depression in freezing point and obtain a combined equation which is

∆T(f) = ∆T(b) x {K(f) / K(b)} ;

Where ∆T(f) is depression in freezing point,

∆T(b) is elevation in boiling point,

K(f) is cryoscopic constant for water it is 1.86

K(b) is ebullioscopic constant for water it is 0.512

So we can solve the equation,

∆T(f) = (105.4 -100) X $\frac{1.86}{0.512}$ = 19.6

So when we have the freezing point depression as 19.6,

we know water freezes at 0° C so the freezing point will be 0 - 19.6 = -19.6 °C

6 0

4 years ago

When Mendeleev organized elements in his periodic table in order of increasing mass, elements with similar properties were in th

sveticcg [70]

Mendeleev arranged the elements in rows in order of increasing mass so that elements with similar properties were in the same column.

So, the answer will be When Mendeleev organized elements in his periodic table in order of increasing mass, elements with similar properties were in the same Column.

6 0

3 years ago

Read 2 more answers

If 30.0 ml of 0.150 m aqueous sodium hydroxide is mixed with 30.0 ml of 0.150 m aqueous hydrochloric acid in a calorimeter at an

umka21 [38]

Answer : As given in the question the concentration of acid and base are in equimolar proportion so,

the simple net ionic reaction that the system is undergoing can be given as,
$H^{+} _{(aq.)} + OH^{-} _{(aq.)} ----\ \textgreater \ H_{2} O + heat$

we can now calculate the total number of moles reacting in the species as,

(30 mL) X (1L/1000ML) X 0.150 moles = $4.5 X 10 ^{-3}$ moles.

Now, we know the specific heat of water as 4.186 J/g °C.

Now considering the total volume of the product as 60 mL or 60 g (as it is water it can be g or mL) hence, ΔC is 2.5 C.

Now converting these into joules = 4.186 J/g °C X 2.5 X 60 = 627.9 Joules.

On dividing this we get 627.9 Joules / $4.5 X 10 ^{-3}$ moles = 140 KiloJoules/mole.

So the answer is 140 KJ/M.

3 0

3 years ago

What kind of thing can be measured in derived units?

sergejj [24]

Answer:

In this SI units system, there are seven SI base units and three supplementary units. The base SI units are metre, kilogram, second, kelvin, ampere, candela and the mole and the three supplementary SI units are radian, steradian and becquerel. All other SI units can be derived from these base units.

Explanation:

7 0

4 years ago