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Zarrin [17]
3 years ago
10

Which claim below accurately explains how the process of meiosis results in genetic variation?

Biology
1 answer:
alexandr1967 [171]3 years ago
7 0
The best and most correct answer among the choices provided by the question is the fourth choice "<span>Crossing over during metaphase allows segments of DNA from 2 parents to SWAP and produce non-identical haploid cells."</span><span>

</span>Mutations are changes in the DNA. A single mutation can have a large effect, but in many cases, evolutionary change is based on the accumulation of many mutations. Gene<span> flow is any movement of </span>genes<span> from one population to another and is an important source of</span>genetic variation<span>.</span>

I hope my answer has come to your help. God bless and have a nice day ahead!
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Answer/Explanation:

DNA polymerase is the enzyme responsible for replicating DNA. It is hugely important that is performs its functions accurately, as if incorrect bases are incorporated this can lead to mutations that disrupt the structure and function of genes. It adds nucleotides in a 5' - 3' direction only.

DNA polymerase III also has high processivity, which means that for every time it binds DNA, it is able to add many bases before it becomes dissociated.

A. DNA polymerase avoids the incorporation of improperly paired nucleotides in two ways:

  • The first way depends on the structure of the enzyme. If the nucleotide that the enzyme is in the process of adding is not complementary to the template, then the nucleotide will not align with the template, and thus it is more inefficient to add. This inefficiency means the nucleotide is more likely to leave the active site before it is added, and DNA polymerase can replace it with the correct nucleotide.
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B. Ribonucleotides are the nucleotides that are incorporated into a growing RNA molecule. They are different from deoxyribonucleotides because of the differences in the sugar backbone (ribose vs deoxyribose). Their incorporation would disrupt the structure and function of the DNA, leading to problems with transcription and replication.

DNA polymerase avoids incorporating these nucleotides primarily because of the structure of the enzyme. Ribonucleotides cannot fit into the active site of DNA polymerase due to what is called a "steric filter" or "steric gate". This gate/filter function is performed by specific amino acid residues which usually have a bulky side chain and thus block the incorporation of the 2'OH of the ribose sugar (which is lacking in the deoxyribose sugar)

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