Answer:
1. The daughter cells are genetically identical because they each contain the same diploid chromosome complement as the original parent cell. It can be seen in the stages shown above that mitosis maintains the chromosome number or complement of a cell.
2. Much of the growth in an adult is attributed to the growth plate in the bones, which is line of cells at each end of the bone that divides rapidly during puberty. As the bones elongate, the muscles also elongate as they are stimulated to grow by stretching and hormonal changes. When puberty is completed, the growth plate calcifies into solid bone and can no longer grow. Muscles can continue to enlarge with athletic activities and can sometimes split with excessive force, but muscle cells typically do not continue to divide. Cells such as your skin, hair, and interior mucus surface cells continue to divide because they are in direct contact with things from the outside world. Bone marrow also continually divides to produce red and white blood cells. Many other cells in your body do not continue cell division.
3. The number of Chromosomes stay the same when the cell divides because before a cell divides it produces new copies of the Chromosomes in the nucleus so when division takes place two genetically identical 'daughter cells', containing the same genes, are formed.
4. – in cells capable of dividing, the period between cell divisions is called interphase – cells spend most of their time in interphase because this is the phase where they perform their functions (obtaining energy, synthesizing products, repair damage, fight disease, duplicate their genetic material and get ready for division)
5. Asexual reproduction is a type of reproduction that does not involve the fusion of gametes or change in the number of chromosomes. The offspring that arise by asexual reproduction from either unicellular or multicellular organisms inherit the full set of genes of their single parent. Asexual reproduction is the primary form of reproduction for single-celled organisms such as archaea and bacteria. Many eukaryotic organisms including plants, animals, and fungi can also reproduce asexually. In vertebrates, the most common form of asexual reproduction is parthenogenesis which is typically used as an alternative to sexual reproduction in times when reproductive opportunities are limited. While all prokaryotes reproduce without the formation and fusion of gametes, mechanisms for lateral gene transfer such as conjugation, transformation and transduction can be likened to sexual reproduction in the sense of genetic recombination in meiosis.
6. Since each of the parent cell’s chromosomes were replicated during interphase, there are two copies of each chromosome in the cell during prophase. Once the chromatin has condensed into individual chromosomes, the genetically-identical chromosomes come together to form an “X” shape, called sister chromatids .
Explanation:
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