Answer:
A. Porifera
Explanation:
Parazoan is a sub-kingdom of animal consisting only of the phylum of sponges (porifera), having two tissue layers only and lacking a nervous system and true digestive cavity.
They have certain characteristics like: sponges are marine, but there are some freshwater sponges that enjoy their water without salt. Most sponges do not have any type of symmetry, but some are radially symmetrical and they come in a variety of shapes, colors, and sizes, they are multicellular, heterotrophic and lack cell walls. Unlike other organisms, sponges lack true tissues and organs.
The mesohyl functions as an endoskeleton in most sponges, and is the only skeleton in soft sponges. This mesohyl is stiffened by mineral spicules, by spongin fibers or both.
Numerous degenerative neurological conditions, most notably Parkinson's disease, have been linked to an excessive buildup of alpha synuclein (a-syn) in the brain. Intraneuronal inclusions, often known as Lewy bodies, are neuropathological characteristics seen in Parkinson's disease, Lewy body dementia, and other synucleopathies. The aggregation of a-syn is their main structural component. A-syn accumulation, aggregation, and ensuing Lewy body formation can be attributed to a variety of biological processes. These include genetic changes in parkin, synuclein, or the deubiquitinating enzyme ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase (UCH-L1), which results in less efficient removal of a-syn via the ubiquitin proteasomal pathway (UPP). Additionally, environmental variables and an age-related decline in antioxidant defense mechanisms that heighten oxidative stress and can have an impact on the formation or clearance of a-syn are intracellular insults.
We focused on changes in the aggregation and clearance of a-syn as impacted by the UPP and the oxidative stress pathways in our dynamic models of a-syn processing in both normal and various disease states. A free radical profile similar to that observed in vivo after exposure to the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine is produced during simulation of enhanced oxidative stress (MPTP). To replicate the kinetics of a-syn that correlates to the neuropathology reported for the sporadic and hereditary types of Parkinson's disease, different model parameters of oxidative stress, UPP failure, or both routes are used. With the use of this in silico model, it is possible to evaluate the kinetics of pathway elements and more accurately identify and validate key pharmaceutical targets.
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Answer:
yes not just scientists but everyone! all the wars and battles thats happening and pollution and lack of nature are all causing global warming and climate change.
so ur answer is true!
~batmans wife dun dun dun....
Answer:
the higher the frequency and the higher amplitude, the more energy there is.
Explanation:
waves carry energy uh The higher the frequency, the shorter the wavelength. The relationship between wavelength and frequency is called an inverse relationship, because as the frequency increases, the wavelength decreases.
Answer:
last answer. Breaks down sugar before respiration can begin. Glycolysis breaks down glucose. glucose=sugar
