The anterior rami of the brachial plexus are the continuations of the anterior rami of spinal nerves C5-T1 . These rami emerge from the intervertebral foramina and travel through the neck. The five rami unite to form the superior, middle, and inferior trunks in the posterior triangle of the neck. Nerves C5, C6 unite to form the superior trunk; nerve C7 remains as the middle trunk; and nerves C8,T1 unite to form the inferior trunk. Portions of each trunk divide deep to the clavicle into an anterior and a posterior division. These primarily contain axons that innervate the anterior and posterior parts of the upper limb. Upon reaching the axilla, they converge to form three cords.
* More than 40 proteins and glycoproteins involved in the complement system are synthesized by the liver, macrophages, epithelial cells, they are present in the blood in plasmatic form, membrane, some have an enzymatic activity, regulator or membrane receptorThese are elements of the humoral innate immune response, they fight infections, purify immune complexes and apoptotic bodies.
<span>There are indeed three ways to activate the complement:</span>
Classical pathway: Activated by Immunoglobulins in immune complexes, aggregated Immunoglobulins, DNA, CRP, apoptotic bodies .......it involves nine fractions, starting with C1, then C4, C2, C3, to form a classical C5 convertase, then, activation of C5, C6, C7, C8, C9.
Alternative pathway: activated by polysaccharides (bacterial endotoxin), vascular wall poor in sialic acid, aggregated IgE ...C3b like is the first component in the alternate channel cascade, it will create an amplification loop, and form an alternative C5 convertase.
Lecithin pathway: Activated by mannose, fucose (carbohydrate of microorganisms)The first component is the complex MBL / MASP1 / MASP2: "mannose-binding protein": works according to the same principle as the complex C1 of the classical way (MASP2 cleaves the C4 and the rest of the cascade is equivalent to that of the classical way).
the three ways have the same outcome: A C5 convertase (formed by one of the pathways) cleaves C5 into C5a and C5b: C5b is deposited far from other fractions on the antigenic surface. The fixation of C5b in the cell is followed by that of C6, C7, C8, and C9 (9 molecules of C9): formation of the membrane attack complex (MAC) ==> Death of the cell by osmotic shock
Answer: Decomposers plan an important role in the biogeochemical cycling for nutrients in the environment as they are responsible for the breakdown and return of nutrients back to the environment in their native state.
A clade is a group of species that includes an ancestral species and all of its descendents
