<span>All of their skulls were fairly long with sharp teeth.</span>
Meiosis involves crossing over where chromosomes exchange genetic segments, resulting in different sets of chromosomes. Each time an egg or sperm created, it is different due to this recombination. Mitosis on the other hand is non-sex cells replicating exact copies of themselves which lead to no genetic variation as they aren't involved in producing offspring.
The earth is made up of many interacting system which are quite dynamic in nature. The earth is sub divided into four components which are THE ATMOSPHERE, THE HYDROSPHERE, THE BIOSPHERE AND THE GEOSPHERE. These are the separate systems that made up the earth system.
The hydrosphere is make up of all the water components on the earth surface and how the water cycle through nature. The atmosphere refers to the layers of gases that surround the planet earth while the biosphere refers to the living components on the earth surface. All these systems interact together to keep life existing on earth.
Punnett squares are used to find out the possible genotypes of the next generation after a cross and thus find the phenotype too according to the predicted genotypes.
For example, parents with genotypes of Rr and rr cross together, we can use the punnett square to list out the possible genotypes of their children which are Rr and rr.
You can never predict the exact genotypes of the next child but you can find out the possibility if they carry a certain trait. All the genotypes of the child are in random but you at least know what phenotypes they'll have.
The answer will be haptens because haptens has the ability of combining to carriers that are large enough to produce antibodies. The large carriers are usually the proteins that binds to it after producing antibodies. The antibodies, ions and reagins does not comply in the question above for antibodies focus more in the immunization. The ions are the electrons that produce positive or negative electric charge and the reagins are the ones responsible in allergic reactions.
