Answer:
Deletion mutation usually takes place due to the errors in the process of DNA replication . DNA polymerase slips off on the template strand due to which that part of the DNA is not coded in the daughter strand.
It can skip from one nucleotide (point mutation) to an entire gene. Point deletion can result in frame-shift mutation if it takes place in the beginning or middle of the gene. However, if it takes place at the end of the gene then it may cause no harm.
For example, let us assume the original sequence of DNA as ATG-AGT-CGT-ATA-TAA. It will result in the formation of methionine, serine, arginine, isoleucine, and STOP codon.
Point deletion at the end of the gene results in ATG-AGC-GTA-TAT-AA sequence. Now it will code for methionine, serine, valine, and tyrosine as AA will not code for anything. Hence, the sequence of the protein remains the same.
Hence, if deletion mutation takes place at the last or stop codon of the gene then it will cause no harm or change in the protein sequence. However, if it takes place before that then it may result in frame-shift mutation and thus a mutated protein.
Answer:
Explanation:
Bacteria capsule contain poly-γ-d-glutamic acid and also possesses antiphagocytic properties .
Gram positive cell wall peptidoglycan.
Fimbriae contain adhesin which make them to attach to a base and counter shear force and obtain food.
Pili contain oligomeric proteins which is hair like structure.
Endospores consists of DNA, ribosomes and dipicolinic acid.
RIBOSOMES consist of ribosomal RNA and proteins.
Plasmid consist of circular DNA.
Plasma membranes consist lipid bilayer.
Answer:
The correct answer is given below:
Explanation:
Depending upon the availability of oxygen, pyruvic acid follows, a variety of metabolic pathways.
In the absence of oxygen or under anaerobic conditions, the pyruvic acid further metabolised into one of three pathways: lactic acid fermentation, alcohol fermentation and cellular anaerobic respiration. During fermentation or anaerobic respiration 2 ATP is produced.
In the presence of oxygen or under aerobic conditions, the pyruvic acid completely oxidised to carbon dioxide, water and 38 ATP.
According to the research, the correct option is exocytosis. Insulin is made by pancreatic cells, packaged in small vesicles, and then released into the bloodstream. This describes <u>exocytosis</u> cell transport.
What is exocytosis?
It is the expulsion, by cells, of particles that, due to their size, cannot pass through the cell membrane.
In this sense, it is the process by which different types of molecules contained in a cytoplasmic vesicle of a cell are secreted. Insulin is released to the outside by exocytosis, intervening in the process of glucose entry into cells.
Therefore, we can conclude that according to the research, the correct option is exocytosis. Insulin is made by pancreatic cells, packaged in small vesicles, and then released into the bloodstream. This describes <u>exocytosis</u> cell transport.
Learn more about exocytosis here: brainly.com/question/1193597
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Answer:
F) mandated.
Explanation:
Mandated by meaning is to, quote "issue an authoritative command". In this case, the authoritative command is the "law". The law is mandated and enforces the conservation of energy.
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