Answer:
Cyanobacteria were photosynthetic and slowly changed the earth's atmosphere from CO2 rich to O2 rich. Photosynthetic cyanobacteria evolved by 3.5 billion years ago and greatly modified earth's atmosphere.
Answer:
lithosphere
Explanation:
Earth's lithosphere includes the crust and the uppermost mantle, which constitute the hard and rigid outer layer of the Earth. The lithosphere is subdivided into tectonic plates. Further there are two types of lithosphere mainly as oceanic and continental lithosphere.
Answer:
not quite sure how to do the hypothesis but its likely to be something to do with the fact that they need more fat and muscle due to the thinner atmosphere as respiration is harder to occur.
Explanation:
The ions formed are;
- X⁺ - a positive ion
- Y⁻ - a negative ion
<h3>What are ionic bonds?</h3>
Ionic bonds are bond which are formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to another producing oppositely-charged ions which are held together by electrostatic forces of attraction.
In the formation of ionic bonds, the atom that donates one or more electrons forms a positive ion or cation while the atom that receives one electron or more becomes the negative ion or anion.
Considering the formation of ionic bonds between the atoms X and Y;
Atom X gives one electron to each atom Y, therefore, atom X acquires a charge of +1 while Y acquires a charge of -1.
The ions formed are;
- X⁺ - a positive ion
- Y⁻ - a negative ion
In conclusion, ionic bonds are formed during a transfer of electrons.
Learn more about ionic bonds at: brainly.com/question/1332431
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