Answer:
a. inhibits cAMP phosphodiesterase, the enzyme that converts cAMP to AMP.
Explanation:
The phosphodiesterases are a group of enzymes that are capable of breaking phosphodiester bonds such as those between nucleotides in nucleic acids. The Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is a second messenger involved in intracellular signaling pathways. This molecule (cAMP) is hydrolyzed by the cAMP-dependent phosphodiesterase, which catalyzes the enzymatic breakdown of phosphodiester bonds (i.e., hydrolyzing cAMP to 5-AMP). The cAMP levels are modulated by the balance between its generation and the degradation via cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase.
The correct answer is - B. Beak size determines what the bird can eat.
The beak of a bird can come in many different shapes and sizes. It can be pointy, long, short, rounded, scythe-like, thin, thick... All of those shapes and sizes have a specific role, and that role is to enable the bird to feed itself with certain type of food source. Every food source requires certain type of beak in order for the bird to be efficient in getting its nutrition, so depending on hat the bird eats, we can easily see a pattern in the beaks, where birds that eat nuts have one strong and shorter beak, the ones that eat warms and insects have thin, pointy one, the predator birds have claw like, sharp beak...
Due to the bad trophic efficiency transfer, there is a loss in the consumption of most energy to cellular respiration at trophic levels. It also loses energy to heat, metabolism and other subsistence for biomass production. There is a higher energy loss when it is at higher trophic levels.
Answer:
The correct answer is d. photorespiration
Explanation:
In the C3 plant, the Rubisco enzyme is important that fix CO2 into organic molecule by binding with CO2. Rubisco can also bind to oxygen when the oxygen concentration increases in cells which leads to the loss of fixed CO2 and waste of energy which is called photorespiration.
So when stomata are open CO2 comes in and O2 goes out of the cell which maintains the high CO2 concentration in the cell but during hot days C3 plants close stomata to prevent water loss.
So closing of stomata decrease the intake of CO2 and increase the oxygen concentration inside the cell. So in increased temperature and high oxygen concentration, the rubisco enzymes bind to O2 and promote photorespiration.
The correct answers are: The lipid bilayer and proteins exist side by side without covalent bonds between them and Some proteins and lipids undergo lateral diffusion along the inner or outer surface of the membrane
According to fluid mosaic model, there is a lipid bilayer that gives fluidity and in which the protein molecules are embedded.
The membrane is mosaic because there is a pattern of different types of molecules that are put together. Molecules are constantly moving in two dimensions.
Components of the cell membrane include:
• Phospholipids – Form a bilayer
• Cholesterol –improves stability and reduce fluidity
• Proteins –integral (transmembrane) or peripheral
• Sugars-usually attached to proteins.
