Answer:
Internal validity.
Explanation:
Internal validity is the study in which trust relationship is build between treatment and outcome. This relationship is known as <em>cause-and-effect. </em>
In this type research, the studies are based on whether the finding is questionable or not. The research which can overrule the possibility of alternative explanations of our findings is internally valid.
The threats of internal valid study are:
- <u>Natural Improvement </u>
- <u>Maturation</u>
- <u>Historical Events</u>
- <u>Placebo effects</u>
- <u>Nonspecific effects</u>.
So, the correct answer is 'Internal validity'.
Answer:
No representatives in Parliament
Explanation:
Answer:
Distress
Explanation:
Distress is a psychological unpleasant state of mind. It impacts the level of functioning of a person. It is called psychological distress that affects the daily routine of a person's life. In a distress condition, an individual see the environment, people in a negative way. Sadness, distress, anxiety all are the symptoms of the psychological distress state of mind of a person. It is been called that no two people have the same experience of the same event.
Thus here in the above statement Pam experiencing the major depressive episodes and she feels distressed. Thus Pam's discomfort is the example of the distress that is associated with a psychological abnormality.
Answer:
Advantage: Any amount of the organism can reproduce, even if the entire population is wiped out and one is left.
Disadvantage: There is no genetic diversity amongst the species.