Let us evaluate the given assumptions according to the kinetic theory for an ideal gas.
a.
The motion of one particle is unaffected by other particles unless the particles collide.
TRUE. The particles are in random motion unless they collide.
b.
The forces of attraction among particles keep the particles close together.
FALSE. No forces act between particles except during collision.
c.
Under ordinary conditions, forces of attraction between particles can be ignored.
TRUE.
Answer: Statement b is false because it is not an assumption.
As we know that in transformers we have

here we know that



now from above equation we will have



Answer:
The value is 
Explanation:
From the question we are told that
The initial speed is 
Generally the total energy possessed by the space probe when on earth is mathematically represented as

Here
is the kinetic energy of the space probe due to its initial speed which is mathematically represented as
=>
=> 
And
is the kinetic energy that the space probe requires to escape the Earth's gravitational pull , this is mathematically represented as

Here
is the escape velocity from earth which has a value 
=> 
=> 
Generally given that at a position that is very far from the earth that the is Zero, the kinetic energy at that position is mathematically represented as

Generally from the law energy conservation we have that
So

=> 
=> 
=> 
15 degrees because a glass of water won't do anything to a bath tub of 15 degree water