Shortly after midnight on this day in 1961, East German soldiers begin laying down barbed wire and bricks as a barrier between Soviet-controlled East Berlin and the democratic western section of the city.
After World War II, defeated Germany was divided into Soviet, American, British and French zones of occupation. The city of Berlin, though technically part of the Soviet zone, was also split, with the Soviets taking the eastern part of the city. After a massive Allied airlift in June 1948 foiled a Soviet attempt to blockade West Berlin, the eastern section was drawn even more tightly into the Soviet fold. Over the next 12 years, cut off from its western counterpart and basically reduced to a Soviet satellite, East Germany saw between 2.5 million and 3 million of its citizens head to West Germany in search of better opportunities. By 1961, some 1,000 East Germans–including many skilled laborers, professionals and intellectuals–were leaving every day.
In August, Walter Ulbricht, the Communist leader of East Germany, got the go-ahead from Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev to begin the sealing off of all access between East and West Berlin. Soldiers began the work over the night of August 12-13, laying more than 100 miles of barbed wire slightly inside the East Berlin border. The wire was soon replaced by a six-foot-high, 96-mile-long wall of concrete blocks, complete with guard towers, machine gun posts and searchlights. East German officers known as Volkspolizei (“Volpos”) patrolled the Berlin Wall day and night.
Many Berlin residents on that first morning found themselves suddenly cut off from friends or family members in the other half of the city. Led by their mayor, Willi Brandt, West Berliners demonstrated against the wall, as Brandt criticized Western democracies, particularly the United States, for failing to take a stand against it. President John F. Kennedy had earlier said publicly that the United States could only really help West Berliners and West Germans, and that any kind of action on behalf of East Germans would only result in failure.
First game was sudsud, it has a rectangular pattern with columns and lines that are drawn on the floor. Players have their own small flat stones. All columns are just like levels. First, you will throw the stone to the first column then you move the stone with one foot while the other foot is hanging up.
Second game was called dampa, it is a rubber band game, usually using bare hands in producing air coming out of the hand to move the rubber bands.
Third game was called kadang , it is composed of two coconut shells attached with string. It is played by using the coconut shells as a slippers while holding the strings. Whichever team finishes first wins.
Octavian's rise to power signaled an end to the Roman Republic yet the beginning of empire. <span>The future </span>emperor Augustus<span> was born into an equestrian family as Gaius Octavius at Rome on 23 September 63 BC. Hope this helps. Have a nice day.</span>
Answer:
peace movement
Their actions consisted mainly of peaceful, nonviolent events few events were deliberately provocative and violent. In some cases, police used violent tactics against peaceful demonstrators.
