After the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan in 1979, bin Laden had seen the attack as an insult and act of aggression towards Islam. That's when he began to start a resistance against the Union. He had collaborated with many Arab volunteers to help with the resistance. After much help from Afghan resistance leaders and his collaboration with Azzam, Osama had created a militant network named al-Qaeda (the Base) in 1988. This is basically how him and his base attacked the U.S., 12 years later.
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Answer:
he Transatlantic slave trade radically impaired Africa's potential to develop economically and maintain its social and political stability. The arrival of Europeans on the West African Coast and their establishment of slave ports in various parts of the continent triggered a continuous process of exploitation of Africa's human resources, labor, and commodities. This exploitative commerce influenced the African political and religious aristocracies, the warrior classes and the biracial elite, who made small gains from the slave trade, to participate in the oppression of their own people. The Europeans, on the other hand, greatly benefited from the Atlantic trade, since it allowed them to amass the raw materials that fed the Industrial Revolution to the detriment of African societies whose capacity to transform their modes of production into a viable entrepreneurial economy was severely halted.
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The settlement of the Americas is widely accepted to have begun when Paleolithic hunter-gatherers entered North America from the North Asian Mammoth steppe via the Beringia land bridge, which had formed between northeastern Siberia and western Alaska due to the lowering of sea level during the Last Glacial Maximum.
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Political corruption
Government jobs were being given out based on favors and deals for votes. Unqualified people were working in government jobs and often the corrupt deals led to more corruption.
The bosses and the system created by the bosses were the source of much of the corruption. City bosses gained votes for a political party in return for government jobs under the party's administration. Government jobs were good paying and were circling in the same groups of people.
