The cells directly responsible for cellular immunity are the ________ cells.

1 answer:

7 0

The cells directly responsible for cellular immunity are the cytotoxic T cells (lymphocytes).

Cellular immunity is an immune response against infectious diseases caused by viruses and some bacteria. This mechanism does not involve antibodies, but rather cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, phagocytes and the release of cytokines in response to an antigen. <span>Cytotoxic T cells, perform their function by killing infected cells via apoptosis.</span>

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How could human activity alter the availability of water in an ecosystem.

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Answer:

Many activities of human alter the availability of water in ecosystem.

Explanation:

We know that water is an essential item for daily use and development works. Water is required for different development processes.

Although, the drinking of water is foremost work, but human beings utilize water into agricultural practices, industries, cleaning activities etc. These activities of human beings alter the availability of water in an ecosystem. Thank you

Explanation:

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3 years ago

Mad scientists Ms. Jones & Ms. Peek studied how a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. The data table below sho

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Answer:

b. Cu cât se adaugă mai mult catalizator, cu atât viteza de reacție este mai RMEA

Explanation:

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3 years ago

What term describes the condition of a desert mouse that lowers its metabolic rate and “sleeps” during the hot day?

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The correct answer is C. Estivation

Explanation:

In biology, estivation refers to a lethargic state that is mainly prompted by high temperatures, different from hibernation that occurs in the winter or at low temperatures. However, as hibernation estivation implies the organism of animals lowers the metabolic rate with the purpose of avoiding to die due to the high temperatures and the lack of resources including water. This can occur in both vertebrate and intervertebral animals including small animals. This implies, the mouse described which is a small animal probably is going through estivation as due to hot temperatures the organism lowers the metabolic rate, which is exactly what occurs in this process.

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Alona [7]

They both are formed through the attraction of atoms possessing opposite polarities. Hydrogen bonds is a relatively weak bond between two oppositely charged sides of two or more molecules and in an ionic bond, an atom gives away one or more electrons to another atom, which means the ionic bond is stronger.

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3 years ago

Select the mechanisms where the concentration of the nucleophile/base has no effect on the reaction rate

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Reactions in which the concentration of Nucleophile or Base has no effect on the rate of reaction depends only on the concentration of substrate. Such reactions are called Unimolecular Substitution or Elimination Reactions. The Kinetics of such reaction is First order with respect to substrate.

Examples:

SN¹ Reactions:
These are Unimolecular Substitution reactions. These are two step reactions in which the first step is the rate determining step. In RDS the substrate is ionized to generate a carbocation and is the slowest step. In second step the Nu attacks carbocation and is the fastest step.

E¹ Reactions:
These are unimolecular Elimination reactions. These are also two step reaction. In first step carbocation is generated (RDS step) and in second step the base abstracts proton to yield alkene. These reactions only depend on the concentration of substrate.

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4 years ago

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