Organic materials less than "50,000 years" old are the type of materials that scientists would date with the carbon-14 method.
The most common reason for the condensation on the inside of the roof is the evapotranspiration from the leaves of the plants in the conservatory.
Air pollution has become an extremely serious problem. Air pollutants affect both plants and animals. Under polluted conditions, plants develop different physiological, morphological and anatomical changes. Pollutants cause damage to cuticular waxes by which then they enter the leaves through stomata. This further leads to injury to plants which can be either acute or chronic. Changes in stomata due to air pollutants which seem to be small can be of great consequence with respect to survival of the plant during stress. These effects can further lead to disturbing the water balance of leaf or whole plant. Respiration also gets affected because of the exposure of plants to air pollutants. The present paper deals with the effect of air pollutants on stomata as well as on respiration leading to affect gaseous exchange.
Answer:
Please find the explanation below
Explanation:
Sodium (Na) and Chlorine (Cl) are two electrolytes that play important role in the absorption of water and nutrients in the small intestine. However, as mentioned in the question, the release of sodium and chlorine would lead to a loss of water in the intestines. This is because of the OSMOTIC phenomenon.
Osmosis is the movement of water molecules from a region of high concentration of water/low concentration of solute to a region of low concentration of water/high concentration of solute via a semipermeable membrane. In this case, the Na+ and Cl- ions serve as the solutes, which when released out of the intestine causes the solution in the intestines to be HYPOTONIC compared to the intestinal environment. This causes an OSMOTIC GRADIENT.
This osmotic gradient i.e. difference in concentration provokes osmotic flow of water from the intestines, which has a low solute/high water concentration, to the outside of the intestines, which has a high solute/low water concentration. Hence, water is lost from the intestine because the solute concentration becomes low when sodium and chlorine ions are released.
