Answer:
Extinction
Positive reinforcement
Negative punishment
Positive punishment
Explanation:
EXTINCTION
Extinction in Operant conditioning is the removal of a stimulus that was reinforcing a response. Mrs. Collora decided to ignore the two boys and in effect try to stop reinforcing the boys' behavior by refusing to engage with them hoping that they would stop.
POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT
This is a situation where stimuli is ADDED to situations to encourage a certain behavior. By offering the boys encouragement and rewards for participation, Mrs. Collora is positively reinforcing them.
NEGATIVE PUNISHMENT
This is a situation where a stimulus is removed to reduce/deter a behavior. Mrs. Collora REMOVED the boys' opportunities to participate in field trips.
POSITIVE PUNISHMENT
In this situation, a stimulus that is not liked or desirable is added to reduce a behavior. Mrs. Collora made the boys write essays on proper behavior which is not a desirable thing to most High Schoolers.
<u>USA and Germany
</u>
Explanation:
The First, Second, and Third Five-Year Plans were a series of centralized international projects for the USSR economy. They were institutionalized under the mandate of Stalin who took full control of agricultural and industrial activity. There were implemented from 1928 to 1941, the year they were interrupted due to World War II. It helped the rapid development of the industry and especially the heavy industry.
Answer:
A) The drug been abused by this individual is cocaine. Cocaine has been show to be powdery in nature with a distinctive white color.
B) The effects reported after use includes:
Feelings of euphoria.
Increased energy.
Inflated self-esteem.
Elevated mood.
Temporarily decreases the need for sleep.
Suppression of appetite.
Cocaine use may also bring about:
Feelings of restlessness.
Irritability and anxiety.
Panic.
Paranoia.
Etc.
C) Cocaine acts by blocking the reuptake of certain neurotransmitters such as dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin. By binding to the transporters that normally remove the excess of these neurotransmitters from the synaptic gap, cocaine prevents them from being reabsorbed by the neurons that released them and thus increases their concentration in the synapses. Due to this, the natural effect of dopamine on the post-synaptic neurons is amplified. The group of neurons thus modified produces much more dependency (from dopamine), feelings of confidence (from serotonin), and energy (from norepinephrine) typically experienced by people who take cocaine.
In addition, because the norepinephrine neurons in the locus coeruleus project their axons into all the main structures of the forebrain, the powerful overall effect of cocaine can be readily understood.
In chronic cocaine consumers, the brain comes to rely on this exogenous drug to maintain the high degree of pleasure associated with the artificially elevated levels of some neurotransmitters in its reward circuits. The postsynaptic membrane can even adapt so much to these high dopamine levels that it actually manufactures new receptors. The resulting increased sensitivity produces depression and cravings if cocaine consumption ceases and dopamine levels return to normal.
Dependency on cocaine is thus closely related to its effect on the neurons of the reward circuit.
I believe the answer is: <span>Committee Consideration
</span><span>Committee Consideration is the first step taken by the committee in order to consider which bill shall be passed.
During this process, the proposed bill would be copied and passed among its members in order to make it as an agenda it their meeting.</span>
An <u>attribute</u> is the equivalent of a field in a file system.
In a computer, a file system or a filesystem refers to a system where you name the files and keep them logically in order to use or retrieve them later. Without this system, whatever information you store, it would not be isolated into individual files and it would then become difficult to identify and retrieve them.
A file management system in database management system, serves a similar purpose. It allows you to access single files or tables at a time. Here, the data is stored directly in files, which makes it easily accessible.
To learn more about file system, click
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