Answer:
b) neuroticism
Explanation:
Neuroticism: In psychology, the term neuroticism is one of the traits in the Big-Five personality traits. An individual experiencing neuroticism undergoes in the long-term propensity to be in an anxious or negative emotional state.
A person who scores high on neuroticism are considered to be as moody and experiences different feelings such as worry, anger, envy, depressed mood, frustration, loneliness, fear, jealousy, etc. An individual with neuroticism will decrease with age.
In the question above, the statement signifies the neuroticism personality trait.
Answer:
confirmation bias.
Explanation:
Confirmation bias is a cognitive bias that occurs when a person favours or recalls information or evidence in a ratherbiased manner so that it strengthens his belief in something. This is illustrated in the example above where the teacher tries to confirm his belief that boys ate naughtier than girls by looking for information to confirm this
Answer: B) free association
Explanation:
Free association is used during therapy to identify what a person is thinking without conscious assessment, thereby removing all barriers to their thoughts and feelings. In this example, Carolyn's therapist can understand what Carolyn is thinking without any suggestions from the therapist or any censorship from Carolyn.
This technique was developed by Sigmund Freud in the 1890s as a method to replace hypnosis.
Adolescent egocentrism is a term that David Elkind used to describe the phenomenon of adolescents' inability to distinguish between their perception of what others think about them and what people actually think in reality.[1] David Elkind's theory on adolescent egocentrism is drawn from Piaget's theory on cognitive developmental stages, which argues that formal operations enable adolescents to construct imaginary situations and abstract thinking.[2]
Accordingly, adolescents are able to conceptualize their own thoughts and conceive of other people's thoughts.[1] However, Elkind pointed out that adolescents tend to focus mostly on their own perceptions – especially on their behaviors and appearance – because of the "physiological metamorphosis" they experience during this period. This leads to adolescents' belief that other people are as attentive to their behaviors and appearance as they are of themselves.[1] According to Elkind, adolescent egocentrism results in two consequential mental constructions, namely imaginary audience and personal fable.