What forms when one oceanic plate is forced beneath another plate is C. a subduction zone.
The name itself can explain it all - the prefix sub- in Latin means 'under,' and given that beneath and under mean the same, subduction zone is the answer you should pick. The other options do not show such a relationship which is why they are wrong.
One of the most abiotic factor that may affect humans directly is waster availability because with out water we can get dehydrated and die.