Answer:
Here's what I get
Explanation:
You may have done a Williamson synthesis of guaifenesin by reacting guaiacol with 3-chloropropane-1,2-diol.
A. Mechanism
Step 1
NaOH converts guaiacol into a phenoxide ion.
Step 2
The phenoxide acts as the nucleophile in an SN2 reaction to displace the Cl from the alkyl halide.
B. Improve the yield
You probably carried out the reaction in ethanol solution — a polar protic solvent.
You might try doing the reaction in a polar aprotic solvent— perhaps DMSO.
A polar aprotic solvent does not hydrogen bond to nucleophiles, so they become stronger.
C. Another method of ether synthesis —dehydration of alcohols
Sulfuric acid catalyzes the conversion of primary alcohols to ethers.
This is also a nucleophilic displacement reaction.
Protonation of the OH converts it into a better leaving group.
Attack by a second molecule of alcohol forms the protonated ether.
A molecule of water then removes the proton.
Atmospheric
pressure<span>, sometimes also called barometric pressure, is the pressure exerted by the weight of air in
the </span>atmosphere of Earth<span> (or that of another planet)</span>
1 atm is equivalent to = 101325
Pa
= 760 mmHg
= 760 torr
= 1.01325 bar
So 1.23 atm is equal to
= 124629.8 Pa
= 934.8 mmHg
= 934.8 torr
<span>= 1.2462 bar</span>
Answer:
Q = 60192 j
Explanation:
Given data:
Volume of water = 0.45 L
Initial temperature = 23°C
Final temperature = 55°C
Amount of heat absorbed = ?
Solution:
Formula:
Q = m.c. ΔT
Q = amount of heat absorbed or released
m = mass of given substance
c = specific heat capacity of substance
ΔT = change in temperature
ΔT = 55°C - 23°C
ΔT = 32°C
one L = 1000 g
0.45 × 1000 = 450 g
Specific heat capacity of water is 4.18 j/g°C
Q = m.c. ΔT
Q = 450 g. 4.18 j/g°C. 32°C
Q = 60192 j
Answer:
Osmium
Explanation:
The metals conduct electricity the best, in this question the metal would be osmium.
An atom of carbon has 4 electrons in its outermost shell, which means that
<span>its ionic charge is 4+ or 4-
</span>Si is in same group as carbon so its also 4+ or 4-
Germanium is 4+.
Sn is also 2+ or 4+
Pb is usually +2
