By studying fossils, scientists can learn how much (or how little) organisms have changed as life developed on Earth. There are gaps in the fossil record because many early forms of life were soft-bodied, which means that they have left few traces behind. This is why scientists cannot be certain about how life began.
Answer:
Transporting Electrons
As the high-energy electrons are transported along the chains, some of their energy is captured. This energy is used to pump hydrogen ions (from NADH and FADH2) across the inner membrane, from the matrix into the intermembrane space. Electron transport in a mitochondrion is shown in Figure below.
Explanation:
Answer:
C
Explanation:
C. The nucleus is the site of protein assembly.
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Answer
The worm gets coated with antibodies, which activate other cells in the immune system to secrete chemicals that kill it.
Explanation:
Production of T-helper I cytokines like IFN gamma, IL-2 and IL-18 is highly protective against helminth infection by activating the macrophage intracellular killers. Protection against mucosal eosinophil responses in which antiparasitic chemicals are released. Killing also involves direct cytotoxic mechanisms in which T- cell and NK-cells directly release antiparasitic agents like perforin and granulysin which kill the parasite.
Answer:
Earth Science 101: Earth Science has been evaluated and recommended for 3 semester hours and may be transferred to over 2,000 colleges and universities. Expert instructors present this material in an easy-to-follow manner, and lessons are accessible at all times, from any device, so you can study at your own pace as you get started on your degree
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