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Bias can happen in sampling. The propensity of a sample statistic to systematically under- or
over-approximate a population is referred to as bias.
To add, in statistics, sampling bias is a bias in
which a sample is collected in such a way that some members of the
intended population are less likely to be included than others.
The following are some types of biases in Statistics:
Selection bias includes individuals being more
likely to be chosen for study than others, biasing
the sample. This can also be termed Berksonian bias
In statistical hypothesis testing, a
test is said to be unbiased if for some alpha level (between 0 and
1), the probability the null is not accepted is less than or equal to the alpha
level for the entire parameter space defined by the null hypothesis, while the
probability the null is rejected is greater than or equal to the alpha level
for the entire criterion space interpreted by the alternate hypothesis.
Answer:D. convergent evolution
Explanation:
Cacti or cactuses are member of the plant family and are often referred to as spiny plants that are usually found in the desserts.
Evolution - In biology, is described the ascent or descent in the characteristics of a species over a series of generations
and natural selection favors its modification.
When two species populations evolve to become more similar to each other we say say they have a convergence evolution.
Hint: Evolution of analogous structures is always an example of convergent evolution.
