Answer:
B) electron - negative charge.
Explanation:
Enzymes are classified and named according to the<u> types of reactions they catalyze.</u>
Explanation:
According to the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology nomenclature of enzyme classification, enzymes are classified depending upon the reactions they catalyze and how the reaction transforms the substrate and forms new products.
Based on the reactions:
Addition reaction (removal of a water molecule): hydrases or hydrolases like esterases, nucleases etc
Electron transfer reaction: Oxidases and dehydrogenases
Radical transfer reaction: Transglycosidases, transaminases, etc
Splitting or C-C bond formation: Desmolases
Structural or geometrical change: Isomerases
Hydrolysis of phosphate bonds to join molecules: Ligases
Based on the general principle of recommendations, enzymes are suffixed with –ase depending upon the catalytic reaction and substrate.
The synthesis of ATP is based on energy conversion, via conformational changes of the subunits.
A proton gradient on either side of the membrane into which the ATP synthases are inserted is necessary for their operation, which implies that the synthesis of ATP can not be done independently of a membrane. Within the mitochondrial inner membrane, it is the respiratory chain that provides the pH gradient by injecting protons into the intermembrane space during the transfer of electrons from one complex to another. At the level of the thylakoid membrane, it is the photosynthetic chain that injects protons into the lumen.
Before cells could be seen by using a microscope, people believed that diseases were caused by spiritual effects.