Jen and li are central concepts in Confucian ethics and form the first two of what are commonly called the "Five Constant Virtues" of Confucianism. Jen: benevolence, humaneness towards others; the highest Confucian virtue . Li: includes ritual, propriety, etiquette, etc.
Guilds:<span>Professional organizations of merchants or artisans
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Curtsey :an act of respect in which women slightly bow down
<span>Dowry: money, goods, and property that a woman brings to her husband in marriage
</span><span>. mercantile: a word relating to trade, merchants, and their characteristics</span>
They were neighboring countries who shared a common history.
The answer is B, He established an imperial government in place of the Roman Republic. :)
