In very general terms, the Cold War was "<span>a period of difficult relations between the U.S. and the Soviet Union," since although there were a number of "proxy wars" during this time, the US and the USSR never engaged directly in conflict. </span>
The aftermath of World War II was the beginning of an era defined by the decline of the old great powers and the rise of two superpowers: the Soviet Union (USSR) and the United States of America (USA), creating a bipolar world. Allied duringWorld War II, the US and the USSR became competitors on the world stage and engaged in what became known as theCold War, so called because it never boiled over into open war between the two powers but was focused on espionage,political subversion and proxy wars. Western Europe and Japan were rebuilt through the American Marshall Plan whereasEastern Europe fell in the Soviet sphere of influence and rejected the plan. Europe was divided into a US-led Western Blocand a Soviet-led Eastern Bloc. Internationally, alliances with the two blocs gradually shifted, with some nations trying to stay out of the Cold War through the Non-Aligned Movement. The Cold War also saw a nuclear arms race between the two superpowers; part of the reason that the Cold War never became a "hot" war was that the Soviet Union and the United States had nuclear deterrents against each other, leading to a mutually assured destruction standoff.
As a consequence of the war, the Allies created the United Nations, a new global organization for international cooperation and diplomacy. Members of the United Nations agreed to outlaw wars of aggression in an attempt to avoid a third world war. The devastated great powers of Western Europe formed the European Coal and Steel Community, which later evolved into the European Common Market and ultimately into the current European Union. This effort primarily began as an attempt to avoid another war between Germany and France by economic cooperation and integration, and a common market for important natural resources.
The end of the war also increased the rate of decolonization from the great powers with independence being granted toIndia (from the United Kingdom), Indonesia (from the Netherlands), the Philippines (from the US) and a number of Arab nations, primarily from specific rights which had been granted to great powers from League of Nations Mandates in the post World War I-era but often having existed de facto well before this time. Also related to this was Israel gaining independence from its previous status as part of Mandatory Palestine in the years immediately following the war. Independence for the nations of Sub-Saharan Africa came more slowly.
The aftermath of World War II also saw the rise of the People's Republic of China, as the Chinese Communists emerged victorious from the Chinese Civil War in 1949.
To revive the falling economy of the Soviet Union and bring out political reforms Michael Gorbachev introduced several ideas.
<u>Explanation:</u>
He put forward the concept of perestroika which literally meant restructure’. He intended to bring economic and political reforms within the Soviet Union. According to perestroika he loosened control over enterprises and businesses allowing businessmen and entrepreneurs more freedom to decide prices and production amount.
In 1988 Gorbachev introduced a new policy that permitted the creation of limited co-operative businesses within the union. This led to the rise of privatization in the Soviet Union. Gorbachev also relaxed trade restrictions and encouraged foreign investment. To ensure transparency within the government he called for democratic elections which was the first truly democratic elections since the Russian revolution in 1917.
Answer:
B. It increased federal authority by invoking the doctrine of implied powers.
Explanation:
McCulloch v. Maryland was a litigation or court case between the national bank known as The Second Bank of the United States and the state of Maryland with respect to the tax that was imposed on it by the state.
Basically, the state of Maryland passed a legislation to impose taxes on banknotes ($15,000 annually) of any bank that isn't chartered in the state of Maryland.
However, James W. McCulloch who was head at the Baltimore branch of the Second Bank objected and refused to pay the tax. Consequently, the appellate court of Maryland ruled that the Second Bank was established unconstitutionally because the federal government isn't provided a textual commitment by the constitution to charter a bank.
The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, Marshall ruled that the Federal government of USA has certain implied powers accorded or given to it by the Necessary and Proper Clause of the Constitution but aren't explicitly stated therein.
<em>Hence, the statement which is true of John Marshall's decision in McCulloch v. Maryland is that, it increased federal authority by invoking the doctrine of implied powers.</em>
Answer:
D. by producing works of art
