D.All of the Above
How has selective breeding changed the wolf into the many different breeds of domestic dogs that we know today?
a. Animals with the traits that were desired were bred to each other.
b. As civilization changed, so did our need and desire for different types of dogs.
c. The fear of humans was bred out of wild wolves.
d. All of the above.
Answer:
Three proteins directly contribute to the proton gradient by moving protons across the membrane
Explanation:
The Electron transport chain is a group of proteins and molecules incrusted in the internal mitochondrial membrane and organized into four complexes, I, II, III, and IV. These complexes contain the electron transporters and the enzymes necessary to catalyze the electron transference from one complex to the other. Complex I contains the flavine mononucleotide -FMN- that receives electrons from the NADH. The coenzyme Q, located in the lipidic interior of the membrane, conducts electrons from complex I and II to complex III. The complex III contains cytochrome b, from where electrons go to cytochrome c, which is a peripheric membrane protein. Electrons travel from cytochrome c to cytochromes a and a3, located in the complex IV. Finally, they go back to the matrix, where they combine to H+ ions and oxygen, to form the water molecule. As electrons are transported through the chain, protons are bombed through three proteinic complexes from the matrix to the intermembrane space. These are complexes I, III and IV.
Nitrifying bacteria gets nitrogen from the air and turns it into nitrogen that is available for plant use. This can be seen in the nitrogen cycle which may be useful to you
