The fly species Drosophila santomea is found only on a single small island. Thus, this fly is considered to be "Endemic".
The flooding of half part of the forest have successful separate the population of frogs in that ecosystem into two different set of frogs. This is an example of allopatric speciation, that is, the population become separated as a result of geographical barrier. This separation will make the two set of frog population to become new species. On the long run, the two species may become unable to relate sexually.
'Red shift' is a key concept for astronomers. The term can be understood literally - the wavelength of the light is stretched, so the light is seen as 'shifted' towards the red part of the spectrum.
Hope this helps.
