Question

1. Muslims consider Muhammad to be

Answer 1

Answer 1: The Prophet.

Explanation: Muhammad is the prophet sent by God for establishment of a monotheistic religion called Islam. Prophet is someone who is chosen among people by God to act as a The Messenger of God in order to bring people to the path of righteousness.

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Answer 2: Spain.

Explanation: The conquest of Spain was the beginning of a new era in world history. It was the first time when Islamic civilization interacted with the Latin West. The troops of army were led by Tariq bin Ziyad. Tariq landed on a place called Jabl al Tariq, the mountain of Tariq ( in English Gibraltar), and the straits separating North Africa from Spain are called the Straits of Gibraltar.

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Answer 3: The Mongols.

Explanation: In 1251, Möngke Khan was elected the Chief Khan of all Mongols. He launch two expeditions right after his election, one under his brother Kublai Khan to conquer southern China and the other under Hulagu Khan to bring an end to the Caliphate in Baghdad. the Mongols were successful in both expeditions. This victory brought a event of Siege of Baghdad (1258) to become a part of history.

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Answer 4: India.

Explanation: Muhammad Al-Khwarizmi was an outstanding Persian mathematician. He was a strong advocate of Hindu numeric system that included number from 1-9 and 0. He said this numeric system had the power and efficiency of revolutionizing the entire Muslim world.

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Answer 2

1.  Muslims think of Muhummad to be a prophet.  He is not divine, whatsoever. 
2. The Muslim armies occupied Spain and formed an Islamic caliphate there for a period of time, before being driven out by the Inquisition. 
3. The Abbasid Caliphate ended in 1258 after Mongols led by Hulagu Khan sacked, successfully, the capital of Baghdad.
4. The mathematicians developed the current wide used system called Arabic Numerals, in the stead of Roman Numerals.  It was developed somewhat from India.