Answer:
i'm assuming we're talking col war?
Explanation:
neither the US or USSR wanted to engage in any sort of hot war/nuclear warfare. hence the whole arms race, cold war, stand off stuff.
Italy was not actually a unified country during that time period, it was instead comprised of many city-states (Milan, Venice etc.). Therefore Italy as a whole would not have been able to fund any of the explorers because they were not united as Italy. As well, because Italy was not unified, it was not as powerful as countries like Spain, France and England.
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The role of disarmament was to prevent the Germans from creating an army or creating weapons. German army was dissolved and forbidden while their arms factories were closed with no sign of reopening them.