Answer:
Coombs reagent is an antiserum with antibodies that bind to the human <u>antibodies attached on the surface of the erythrocytes.</u>
Explanation:
Coombs test is a blood test used in immunology and immunohematology. It is of two types: direct and indirect.
The Coombs reagent is an antiserum, containing antibodies.
The direct Coombs test detects the antibodies present on the surface of the erythrocytes.
In this test, when the Coombs reagent is reacted with the blood to be tested, <u>the antibodies in the Coombs reagent binds to the antibodies attached on the surface of the erythrocytes in the test blood and cause agglutination.</u>
<span>the structure of a plasma membrane depend on the amphiphilic nature of phospholipids by </span>the amphiphilic molecules arrange themselves into a bilayer, with their hydrophilic phosphate-containing heads facing the water on each side of the membrane and their hydrophobic tails directed twd the center, avoiding water.
Answer:
Venous return (VR) is the flow of blood back to the heart.
Venous return to the right atrium is the most important factor determining cardiac output, provided both ventricles and the pulmonary circulation are normal.
Explanation:
Venous return refers to the flow of blood from the periphery back to the right atrium, and except for periods of a few seconds, it is equal to cardiac output.
Venous return is facilitated by a number of factors, including inspiration, increased total blood volume, increased venomotor tone, the cardiac suction effect, the presence of venous valves and the skeletal muscle pump.
Contraction of the skeletal muscles surrounding veins increases the pressure within the veins, pushing open the proximal valve and forcing blood toward the heart. For example, when calf muscles contract during exercise, blood is forced toward the heart, thus increasing venous return.
Learn more about venous force here:-
brainly.com/question/11621104
#SPJ1
The cell membrane is composed of two layers of lipids and proteins. These two layers are responsible for what is allowed to leave and enter the cellular membrane.
