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Cabeza de Vaca was a Spanish explorer of the New World, and one of four survivors of the 1527 Narváez expedition. The survivors lived among the natives of the region for four years, and Cabeza de Vaca carved out roles as a trader and a healer in the community. In 1532 he and the other three surviving members of his original party set out for Mexico, where they hoped to connect with other representatives of the Spanish empire. They traveled through Texas, and possibly what are now New Mexico and Arizona, before arriving in northern Mexico in 1536, where they met up with fellow Spaniards, who were in the region to capture slaves. Cabeza de Vaca deplored the Spanish explorers' treatment of Indians, and when he returned home in 1537 he advocated for changes in Spain's policy. After a brief term as governor of a province in Mexico, he became a judge in Seville, Spain, a position he occupied for the remainder of his life.
Future Explorations:
Cabeza de Vaca’s stories concerning the cities of Cíbola caused much excitement in New Spain and the rush to find gold in New Mexico was precipitated by his statement that the Indians at one point in his journey (in the upper Sonora Valley) told him that in the mountain country to the north were some “towns with big houses and many people” with whom they traded parrot feathers for turquoise. These towns were the group of six Zuni pueblos in western New Mexico. The Indians pointed the way to the pueblos and it was thought at the time that these pueblos were in the area of the large buffalo herds of which the Spaniards had vague information.
His stories of gold in New Mexico caused a rush of people to go to New Mexico, which then caused future explorations (influenced new explorations).
The main arguments of the reformers come from a free and personal interpretation of the Bible.
The Protestants noticed the excesses of Catholic traditions. Martin Luther (1483-1546) in Germany and Jean Calvin (1509-1564) in France rejected the authority of the Church, which defines itself as the sole interpreter of the divine faith.
The pillars of Protestantism are expressed by the solae:
- The Bible is the supreme authority.
- Salvation is obtained by faith alone
Salvation is not the result of effort or merit.
- Jesus is the only mediator between men and God (rejection of papal authority)
- God is the only one to worship.
Luther found among some German princes support and protection to divulge his ideas. They also harbored grudges against the pope and the high clergy. Luther undertook to translate the Bible into German and the Reformation spread among the German principalities.
In England, Henry VIII proclaims himself "Supreme Head of the Church and Clergy" and breaks all diplomatic relations with Rome. In this situation of weakness of the Catholic Church, the Reform is spreading in Europe
The invention of printing by Gutenberg in 1450 allowed the transmission of new ideas and knowledge not only among scholars, but also among traders and artisans. Printing is the vector that will allow the exchange of new ideas.
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Dear George my closest brother,
you may not feel the same but as a young man living in the north, in April of 1861 i would be willing to die for what i believe because, just like Ulysses S. Grant, having the courage to help free slaves and give black men the right to vote, i want to have the courage to help my country, live to be a free state, and if that means fighting and more likely dying for everyone i am willing to do that. i would rather have a peaceful talk or argument instead of a war but some things dont go as planned. so my brother if i die in this war, i wish the best for you and hope you will make the right choices.
Explanation:
this isnt much but i hope this helps you.
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main highway between England and Scotland from medieval times until 20 th century
