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Ket [755]
3 years ago
13

Researchers set up a study to determine whether large doses of a nutritional supplement would shorten the length of time it take

s to recover from a cold. three thousand volunteers were split into two groups. for two weeks, members of group a took 3,000 mg of the supplement daily. group b received 3,000 mg of a placebo. at the end of the two-week period, the researchers inserted live cold viruses directly into the noses of all the volunteers. the volunteers in both group a and group b continued to take their daily pills. all the volunteers got colds, and there was no significant difference in the length of time the colds lasted.
Business
1 answer:
ozzi3 years ago
4 0
<span>This study indicates that nutritional supplements do not have an affect on the common cold. The volunteers that were given the supplement did not experience any significant differences in the duration of their cold. They had the cold for the same duration that the volunteers who were given the placebo did.</span>
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In the workplace, racial discrimination is a very serious issue. Consider a company in which 20% of the employees are African-Am
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Answer:

a) It is expected that 8 African-Americans get promotions.

b) There is a 8.6% probability that 5 African-Americans get promotions.

c) There is a 16.2% probability that at five or less African-Americans get promotions.

d) The company may be accused of racial discrimination because the ammount of promotions given to African-Americans is much less than expected if there were no discrimination. The expected value, if there is no discrimination, of having more than 5 promotions for African American employees is 84%.

Explanation:

The question is incomplete.

Complete question:

<em>In the workplace, racial discrimination is a very serious issue. Consider a company in which 20% of the employees are African-American. At the end of the year, promotions are awarded to a group of employees. Out of the 40 promotions awarded, five are African-American. Given that the awarding follows the binomial distribution, B(40,.2).</em>

<em />

<em>a) How many African-Americans would you expect to get promotions? </em>

<em> b) What is the probability that five African-Americans receive promotions? </em>

<em> c) What is the probability that five or fewer African-Americans receive promotions? </em>

<em> d) Do you think the company is suspect of racial discrimination? Explain your thinking.</em>

<em />

a) As this situation can be modeled by a binomial distribution B(40,0.2), the expected number of African-Americans that get promotions can be calculated as the expected value of the binomial distribution:

X\sim B(40,0.2)\\\\E(X)=np=40*0.2=8

It is expected that 8 African-Americans get promotions.

b) Accordingly to the binomial distribution, we have:

P(X=5)=\frac{40!}{5!35!}*(0.2)^5*(0.8)^{35}=658008*0.00032*0.0004= 0.086

There is a 8.6% probability that 5 African-Americans get promotions.

c) We have to calculate the probabilities for X=0,1,2,3,4 and 5.

P(X\leq5)=P(X=0)+P(X=1)+P(X=2)+P(X=3)+P(X=4)+P(X=5)\\\\\\P(X=0)=\frac{40!}{0!40!}*0.2^0*0.8^{40}=1*1*0.00013=0\\\\P(X=1)=\frac{40!}{1!39!}*0.2^1*0.8^{39}=40*0.2*0.00017=0.001\\\\P(X=2)=\frac{40!}{2!38!}*0.2^2*0.8^{38}=780*0.04*0.00021=0.007\\\\P(X=3)=\frac{40!}{3!37!}*0.2^3*0.8^{37}=9880*0.008*0.00026=0.021\\\\P(X=4)=\frac{40!}{4!36!}*0.2^4*0.8^{36}=91390*0.0016*0.00032=0.047\\\\P(X=5)=\frac{40!}{5!35!}*0.2^5*0.8^{35}=658008*0.00032*0.00041=0.086

P(X\leq5)=P(X=0)+P(X=1)+P(X=2)+P(X=3)+P(X=4)+P(X=5)\\\\P(X\leq5)=0+0.001+0.007+0.021+0.047+0.086=0.162

There is a 16.2% probability that at five or less African-Americans get promotions.

d) The company may be accused of racial discrimination because the ammount of promotions given to African-Americans is much less than expected if there were no discrimination. The expected value, if there is no discrimination, of having more than 5 promotions for African American employees is 84%.

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Costs that have already been incurred and cannot be avoided regardless of what a manager decides to do are sunk costs.

<h3>A Sunk cost is what?</h3>
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  • The sunk cost phenomenon in business is an example of the notion that one must "spend money to make money."
  • A sunk cost is distinct from potential future expenses a company can incur, such as choices on the price of products or the cost of purchasing inventories. Sunk costs are disregarded while making future business decisions since they won't change regardless of the choice made.
<h3>Give an example of Sunk cost.</h3>
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  • The company weighs the $20 increase in revenue against the $15 additional cost when deciding whether to produce the premium glove to generate a $5 profit. The cost of the factory lease and the cost of the equipment are both buried expenses and are not taken into consideration when making decisions.
  • Sunk costs become important costs and ought to be included in company choices on upcoming events if they can be removed at some point.
  • Any sunk costs that have expiration dates should be taken into consideration, for instance, if XYZ Clothing is thinking about closing a production plant. XYZ Clothing weighs the revenue that would be lost if production stopped along with the expenditures that would also be eliminated when deciding whether to close the facility. If the factory lease expires in six months, the lease cost should be included as an item that can be reduced or eliminated since it is no longer a sunk cost. The plant should be shut down if the overall costs exceed the revenue.

Learn more about Sunk cost here:

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