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Answer:
mutation rates can be used to design molecular clocks in order to estimate divergence times among species
Explanation:
In evolutionary biology, the substitution rates (also known as mutation rates) are used for the development of 'molecular clocks' which allow estimating the divergence times among species or among taxonomic groups. Molecular clocks can be designed by estimating the divergence rate of nucleotide sequences (either DNA or RNA) and amino acid (protein) sequences. These substitution rates can also be used to track how quickly viruses evolve (for example, in a pandemic situation).
Positioning the child on the side (side-lying position) is the priority action after tonsiloectomy. It will permit the flow of secretions (like blood) from the mouth that could block the child's airway (airway patency is the priority). So, the most important thing is to maintain an open airway. Excessive coughing could actually trigger bleeding. The child will be on nothing-by-mouth status during the immediate postoperative period.
Answer:
- They allow for more collisions of molecules (enzymes + substrates)
- They lower the amount of activation energy needed to complete the reaction.
- They speed up chemical reactions to form more products
Explanation:
Enzymes are proteinous molecules that serves as catalyst in living systems. Like every other catalyst, enzymes function to SPEED UP the rate of biochemical reactions by LOWERING/REDUCING the activation energy, which is the energy required for a reactant to form product (completion of reaction).
Enzymes like other catalysts causes faster movement of molecules in the reaction i.e. they allow for more collisions of molecules (enzymes + substrates). This causes the rate of reaction to increase and hence, speeden the reaction.
One of the oldest arguments in the history of psychology is the Nature vs Nurture debate. Each of these sides have good points that it's really hard to decide whether a person's development is predisposed in his DNA, or a majority of it is influenced by this life experiences and his environment.
