The cell would have to take in and use more energy in order to break the covalent bonds.
The correct option is B
Hydrogen bonds :
are the chemical mechanism that governs the complementarity of the bases of DNA. This correspondence is unique thanks to the geometry of the hydrogen donor atoms and the acceptors that form the bases.
The (hydrophobic) bases are stacked inside the double helix of DNA; their plane is perpendicular to the axis of the double helix. The outside (phosphate and sugar) is hydrophilic.
The hydrogen bonds between the bases of one strand and the bases of the other strand keep the 2 strands united.
One purine on one strand necessarily binds to a pyrimidine on the other strand. As a corollary, the number of purine residues is equal to the number of pyrimidine residues.
* A binds to T (by 2 hydrogen bonds).
* G binds to C (via 3 hydrogen bonds: more stable bond: 5.5 kcal vs 3.5 kcal).
What part of the DNA strand do hydrogen bonds hold together?
hydrogen. Covalent bonds occur within each linear strand and strongly bond the bases, sugars, and phosphate groups (both within each component and between components). Hydrogen bonds occur between the two strands and involve a base from one strand with a base from the second in complementary pairing.
Learn more about DNA strand:
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Answer:
Clues that can be used to determine whether the movement of solutes through the membrane is passive or active could be the molecule size, membrane potential, and the presence/absence of membrane protein.
Explanation:
Solutes transport through the cellular membrane depends on the solute size, membrane potential, and the presence/absence of integral membrane protein.
There are two types of transport: Active and passive.
- Passive transport: It does <u>not need energy</u>; it is driven by a chemical potential gradient. <u>Small molecules</u> with no charge are transported through the membrane in a gradient favor, from a high concentration region to a low concentration region. There are two types of passive transport: <em>By simple diffusion</em> (small molecules pass through the membrane by themselves) and by <em>facilitated diffusion</em> (molecules are helped by integral membrane proteins to pass through the membrane). In facilitated diffusion, the helping protein can be a <u>channel protein</u> (hydrophilic pores that allow the molecule to pass with no interaction) or a <u>carrier protein</u> (proteins with mobile parts that suffer modification as the molecule pass to the other side).
- Active transport: It <u>does need ATP energy</u> to pass the molecule through the membrane, as they have to <u>move against the electrochemical gradient</u>. This kind of transport is always mediated by a <u>carrier protein</u>. These proteins join with the molecules and suffer changes as they pass the solute to the other side of the membrane. An important example of this kind of transport is the sodium-potassium bomb.
Answer:
Volcanic gases. (Ans A)
Explanation:
Ocean water is salty because of the presence of dissolved salt. When water contact with a rock it starts weathering processes and this process starts to dissolve the soluble elements such as sodium out of the rock.
In volcanic gases, lots of chlorine ions are present in the atmosphere, these ions easily dissolve with water and produce the large flux of chloride that splashes into the oceans. So, the most common source of chloride ions in ocean waters comes from the volcanic explosions.
They produce narrow-band high-frequency sound to help them navigate in water. These high-frequency sounds are used in echolocation. Echolocation is used to identify and locate prey and also avoid the predators. Marine mammals like whales and dolphin use echolocation in different manners.
