I think the answer is A sorry if I got it wrong
Ataturk abolished the caliphate as part of his reform movement because he wanted a secular state and caliphate was actually a theocratic element in the Ottoman apparatus. Ataturk believed that for the people to progress and for the country of Turkey to become a great empire, secularism is a must and should be followed without any hindrance.
Americans also didn't like these immigrants because they believe that they would follow the pope instead of the president (because of their religion).
Explanation:
creo que puedes buscar en internet "la evolución petrolera de venezuela" y quizá te sirva