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On December 1, 1934 Sergei Kirov, head of the Leningrad branch of the Communist Party, was assassinated in his office. Initially, it was believed that Joseph Stalin ordered his killing. But why? Earlier in the year at elections for the Central Committee, Kirov supposedly received significantly fewer negative votes than Stalin did, thereby demoting Stalin from General Secretary to simply Secretary. Stalin regarded Kirov as a serious enemy, especially when he formed an anti-Stalin group. Stalin wasted no time allowing people to believe it was he who had Kirov murdered. He quickly took revenge upon other enemies, Lev Kamenev and Grigorii Zinoviev, by implicating them in Kirov’s death. They agreed to accept responsibility in return for a light sentence. In 1936, they were retried and both condemned to death. This intensely violent moment is an important point in Stalin’s Great Terror that he inflicted upon the Soviet Union in the late 1930s.
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Cotton transformed the United States, making fertile land in the Deep South, from Georgia to Texas, extraordinarily valuable. Growing more cotton meant an increased demand for slaves. Slaves in the Upper South became incredibly more valuable as commodities because of this demand for them in the Deep South.
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President Eisenhower sends federal troops to Little Rock to protect nine African American children who wanted to get the education.
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The issue began when nine African American students enrolled in Little Rock Central High School. Their admission at a school was a test of Brown v. Board of Education that declared segregation in schools as illegal. Arkansas was part of the southern state, and there was a massive sentiment towards African America. In 1957, the nine students blocked by the Arkansas National Guard under the order of Governor Orval Faubus from entering the school, which later forced President Eisenhower to send federal troops to escort the Little Rock Nine into the school.
Before the American Civil War in 1854, and until the end of the period known as Reconstruction, it was possible to distinguish a radical faction in the Republican Party of the United States, integrated by slavery and secessionism eradication encouragers, opposed by a Conservative faction led by President Abraham Lincoln, and integrated by the anti-abolitionist and the anti-reconstruction Democratic Party.
The Radical Republicans sought to punish and destroy the political power of former slave owners, to establish civil rights for former slaves and the full implementation of emancipation, giving freed US slaves the right to vote. In contrast, the Moderate Republicans' goals promoted a modest position in order to bring the South back into the American Union as quickly as possible.
Trade was almost impossible since states printed their own money
