Question

There are eight features that civilizations all have in common. Pretend there is a public works project to be done, such as a road to be built or wall to protect the city. How might four other features of civilization be involved in this public works project?

Answer 1

There are eight features that are commonly cited as characteristics of civilization. All eight of them could be involved in some way in the development of a public work such as a wall or a road.

Advanced cities: Cities are very large settlements. In order to cope with their large populations, cities tend to have advanced infrastructure for housing, food production, communication, transportation, etc. Large public works such as roads contribute to the development of cities. On the other hand, the existence of cities makes it easier for those projects to be carried out.

Well-organized government: Large public projects require careful planning and financing. They also require supervision. A well-organized government can carry out these responsibilities.

Distinct social classes: Social class could be reflected in public works in several ways. For example, groups of people living near these landmarks could belong to a particular social class. Also, the tasks necessary for the construction of these works could be divided in terms of class.

Writing: Writing is involved in all stages of construction, from designing the structures, to obtaining permits, to communicating the plans to the general population.

Art and architecture: Art and architecture would be involved in designing any type of structure to varying degrees.

Public works: Any type of structure meant to be used by the general population of a community, such as a protective wall or a road, is consider a public work.

Job specialization: The people involved in the project would all have distinct, specific tasks, such as engineers, designers, builders, etc.

Religion: Although not the most obvious feature, religion could potentially be involved in the public work. For example, the building could be a designated place of prayer, or the calendar the construction follows could be based on a particular religion.