Answer:
This question lacks options, the complete question is: What do you think would have the greatest effect on the body—a harmful mutation in a pluripotent embryonic stem cell, or a harmful mutation in an adult multipotent stem cell?The correct answer is a harmful mutation in a pluripotent embryonic stem cell.
Explanation:
Pluripotent Stem Cells can self-renew and differentiate into any of the three germ layers, which are: the ectoderm, the endoderm and the mesoderm. These three germ layers subsequently differentiate to form all the tissues and organs within a human being. If during embryonic development, genetic mutations - alterations in genes - occur in the embryonic stem cell, they pass to daughter cells as a consequence of cell division, and an individual is generated whose cells differ at the genetic level. Multipotent stem cells are organospecific cells, that is, they can give rise to any type of cells but from a specific organ (a lung, a kidney or the brain). Their differentiation ends the moment they specialize and become a cell with a specific function within a specific tissue or organ. If there were a mutation in these cells, it would damage a specific designed tissue or organ.
Thrifty metabolism
Thrifty metabolism is the genetic
tendency toward efficient use of energy that results in below-average energy
requirements and increased storage of calories as fat. Thrifty metabolism
contributes to less weight lost when an obese person reduce the amount of his
calorie intake even though there is changes in metabolism.
Transposable elements are considered to be responsible for vast range of genome diversity and gene silencing.
Explanation:
Transposable elements are short sequences of DNA that have the ability to move from one location to another in the genome. During this process they copy themselves.
The entire process carried out by transposable elements to copy themselves and move from one location to another is called transposition.
Transposition may result in mutation and is potentially a major source of genome diversity and change. If a transposon inserts itself into the coding region of a gene,it interrupts the coding sequence and inactivates the gene expression.
In addition to this, a transposable element may contain transcription or translation termination signal that will block the gene expression downstream of insertion site.
