Answer:
DNA vaccines consist of DNA vectors or plasmids (small double-stranded DNA rings originally derived from bacteria, but unable to cause infection) into which the genes encoding one or more immunizing proteins of the infectious agent have been inserted causing the disease to be prevented.
Explanation:
Vectors are the functional unit of naked DNA vaccines. Genes that encode the proteins of interest and are of bacterial origin are inserted into these vectors. Bacterial plasmids are circular DNA molecules that self-replicate extrachromosomally in bacteria. The genes encoded in these plasmids are under the control of promoters, almost always of viral origin. When a plasmid is introduced into the cell it translocates to the nucleus, where transcription of the transgene begins; the transcripts are then taken to the cytoplasm and translated there. The newly synthesized proteins are degraded in the proteasome to 8-10 amino acid peptides, which are transported to the endoplasmic reticulum. Peptides of high affinity with their respective MHC I molecule stabilize and enter the secretory pathway, thus reaching the cell surface, where they are coupled with the T-lymphocyte receptor (TcR) present on the surface of T lymphocytes cytotoxic drugs (CD8 +) to induce their activation.
Answer:
Magma is primarily a very hot liquid, which is called a 'melt. ' It is formed from the melting of rocks in the earth's lithosphere, which is the outermost shell of the earth made of the earth's crust and upper part of the mantle, and the asthenosphere, which is the layer below the lithosphere.
Explanation:
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Pollination.....................
Answer: It's C
Explanation: because They also do not have a brain, respiratory system, or circulatory system.
Answer: Autonomic nervous system is made up of 3 divisions; Sympathetic nervous system, parasympathetic nervous system and sympathetic division. All these divisions are involuntary actions where parasympathetic is ultimately responsible for the "rest and digest" part of it. When the body is at rest the parasympathetic nervous system inhibits or lowers high energy requiring bodily functions.
This nervous system will lower any fight or flight response actions such as the release of epinephrine into the blood and enable digestion, urination and defeacation. When engaged in digestion you feel relaxed and at rest, this is solely due to the parasympathetic nevous system.
