Algeria was under colonial rule in France from 1830 to 1962. The French colonization was brutal and cruel. The national liberation struggle was also bloodthirsty. The Army and the Police of the colonial metropolis committed barbarities against the Algerian independents, practiced torture, mass repression and political murder. But the Algerian National Liberation Front (FLN) did not fall short of indiscriminate violence and opted for terrorism on many occasions. The FLN also failed to take into account the ideological and identity plurality of Algerian society, marginalized and repressed critical independence sectors with their political ideas and practices, and after coming to power, implemented an authoritarian and single party regime and an economic system copied from the model Soviet, ineffective, bureaucratic and corrupt. France left the colony with pain and frustration, and had to face the violent opposition of the extreme civil and military right, which had as its main support the terrorist group Organization of the Secret Army (OAS). In the sixties and seventies of the last century tens of thousands of Algerians emigrated to France. Today, more than one million Algerians live in the former colonial power. 54 years after the independence of Algeria, relations with France remain stormy.
In just 3 years (1348 to 1350) the Black Death destroyed a third of England's population. Such a dramatic drop in population gave peasants real economic power for the first time NATIONAL ARCHIVES; this improved the economic position of manorial tenants and labourers in the countryside
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