Answer:
The correct answer is option D. "Null hypothesis".
Explanation:
Null hypothesis is characterized by stating that there is no difference between the specified populations, which is the opposite of the alternative hypothesis that states that there is a difference between the populations. Since the hypothesis included in the question states that "There will be no difference in the number of adverse events...", it is concluded that is an example of null hypothesis.
The thigh area will feel much more pain as when leg is cut off , all nerves are together in thighs, so more pain will be there.
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The effector in a negative feedback system acts to counter any changes made to a particular property. If it were positive feedback, it would amplify the change and make it more extreme
Technically speaking, an intrusion is any formation of intrusive igneous rock; rock formed from magma that cools and solidifies within the crust of the planet. In contrast, an extrusion consists of extrusive rock; rock formed above the surface of the crust.
hope this helps bye~glori