The correct answer is money supply.
The money supply includes all monetary assets that are available in an economy at a specific time period. If the money supply drastically increases then inflation happens and if the money supply decreases then deflation happens. Both can cause horrors for the economy so the economists have to be careful.
B. The United States and USSR
I believe you are looking for mesopotamia, sorry if im wrong
The Cyrillic alphabet is closely based on the Greek alphabet, with about a dozen additional letters invented to represent Slavic sounds not found in Greek. In Russia, Cyrillic was first written in the early Middle Ages in clear-cut, legible ustav (large letters).