Answer:
American physician and medical researcher who developed the first safe and effective vaccine for polio.
Explanation:
It caused the separation of church and state in France. France passed laws that made it illegal for clerics to teach in public schools.
<span> Philip II of Macedon</span>
It was mostly "c. The end of the Crusades" that helped to bring about an increase of trade within western Europe during this time, since this period had been previously dominated by mass violence that disrupted trade routes.