Hard money and soft money are terms that are often used to describe coin money and paper money. Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission<span>, case in which the </span>U.S. Supreme Court<span> on January 21, 2010, ruled (5–4) that laws that prevented </span>corporations<span> and </span>unions<span> from using their general treasury funds for independent “electioneering communications” (political advertising) violated the </span>First Amendment<span>’s guarantee of </span>freedom of speech<span>. In so doing the court invalidated Section 203 of the federal </span>Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act<span> of 2002 (BCRA)—also known as the </span>McCain-Feingold Act<span> for its sponsors, Sen. </span>John McCain<span> and Sen. </span>
Infant Nathan is smiling and "talking" with short, loud noises. His mother responds each time Nathan expresses himself by smiling and talking. This interaction is described as: <u> verbal “dialogues</u><u>”</u>.
Infants' early vocalisations (language), such as crying, cooing, and babbling, serve as the foundation upon which more sophisticated structures can be build. These high-pitched voice tones with a lot of modulation are preferred by newborns.
When speaking to a young infant, parents from diverse cultures and languages naturally utilise loud noises. In the first month, cooing noises are the first "answers" that babies make. Sometime within the first month, one of these pleasant social interactions results in these subtle vocalisations.
By the second month, the majority of babies will converse verbally with their parents back and forth in a "<u>dialogues</u>" that is cooperatively controlled by both parties.
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Answer:
The Roman concept of the citizen evolved during the Roman Republic and changed significantly during the later Roman Empire. After the Romans freed themselves from the Etruscans, they established a republic, and all males over 15 who were descended from the original tribes of Rome became citizens. Citizens of Rome distinguished themselves from slaves and other noncitizens by wearing a toga; most wore a white toga. During the Empire, each emperor wore a purple toga to distinguish himself as the princeps, or "first citizen."
Citizenship varied greatly. The full citizen could vote, marry freeborn persons, and practice commerce. Some citizens were not allowed to vote or hold public office, but maintained the other rights. A third type of citizen could vote and practive commerce, but could not hold office or marry freeborn women.
In the late Republic, male slaves who were granted their freedom could become full citizens. Around 90 B.C.E., non-Roman allies of the Republic gained the rights of citizenship, and by 212 C.E, under the Edict of Caracalla, all free people of the Roman Empire could become citizens.
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Answer:
The writings of Karl Marx have had a great impact on critical criminology.
Explanation:
Critical criminology tries to change and <em>challenge the traditional perspectives and ideas associated with a criminal act </em>as well as debunking <em>false beliefs</em> about it.
Marxism centers on the idea that <em>Capitalism has direct effects on crime,</em> that these <em>acts of delinquency are defined by the people in power of a Capitalist society</em>. It faults the economic system for creating such conditions which lead individuals to commit crimes.
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The fauna of Australia consists of a huge variety of animals; some 83% of mammals, 89% of reptiles, 90% of fish and insects and 93% of amphibians that inhabit the continent are endemic to Australia.[2] This high level of endemism can be attributed to the continent's long geographic isolation, tectonic stability, and the effects of an unusual pattern of climate change on the soil and flora over geological time. A unique feature of Australia's fauna is the relative scarcity of native placental mammals. Consequently, the marsupials – a group of mammals that raise their young in a pouch, including the macropods, possums and dasyuromorphs – occupy many of the ecological niches placental animals occupy elsewhere in the world. Australia is home to two of the five known extant species of monotremes and has numerous venomous species, which include the platypus, spiders, scorpions, octopus, jellyfish, molluscs, stonefish, and stingrays. Uniquely, Australia has more venomous than non-venomous species of snakes.
