Question

Match each description with the correct cellular process. a. RNA is used as a template to make a complementary strand of DNA. b. DNA is used as a template to make a complementary strand of DNA. c. RNA is used as a template to make a complementary strand of RNA. d. DNA is used as a template to make a complementary strand of RNA. e. RNA is used as a template to make a polypeptide.

Answer 1

Answer:

Reverse transcription, DNA replication, transcription (in RNA virus), transcription, translation.

Explanation:

The process during which RNA is used as a template to make a complementary DNA strand is referred to as reverse transcription. It involves a series of reactions in which reverse transcriptase enzyme catalyses the synthesis of DNA. It is through this process that the Human Immune Virus is able to infect humans.

DNA replication is process during which the DNA produces a copy of itself. It involves a series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions during which the double helix structure of the DNA is unwound and each strand serves as a template for the synthesis of complementary strands. Eventually, two double helix DNA is formed each consisting of one old strand and one new strand.

Transcription or mRNA synthesis in some RNA virus involves using RNA as a template to synthesize another RNA. It is a process in viral production/replication during which mRNA is used to instruct the host's cell to make virus components.

Except in some RNA virus, transcription generally involves the use of DNA template to synthesize RNA. During this process, an enzyme known as RNA polymerase link nucleotide together using a DNA strand as template. The genes in DNA is encoded into the RNA in one of the steps that eventually lead to gene expression.

The encoded message in RNA is eventually translated as protein in an enzyme mediated process known as translation or protein synthesis. During protein synthesis, the condons on mRNA are translated into their respective amino acids and peptide bonds are formed in between these amino acids leading to the production of protein.