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Rzqust [24]
3 years ago
15

What are the possible sources of the information that defines the functional dependencies that hold among the attributes of a re

lation schema? Discuss two possible sources. Explain your answer.
Computers and Technology
1 answer:
valkas [14]3 years ago
3 0

A functional dependency describes a relationship between the attributes of an entity such that the value of one attribute is dependent on the value of some other attribute and is very well affected by it.

There can be various sources of information that define functional dependency. For instance, an attribute age can define the functional dependency with the attribute ID. One cannot include the voter ID if they are not above 18 years of age.

Similarly, the attribute date of joining can define the functional dependency with the attribute experience, as the experience in a particular organization can be calculated by subtracting the joining date fro the current date.

You might be interested in
How each programming language differs in terms of constructs, techniques, use and requirements?
Anuta_ua [19.1K]

Programming languages are (designed to be) easily used by machines, but not people.

Natural languages (like English) are easily used by humans, but not machines.

Programming languages are unambiguous, while natural languages are often multiply ambiguous and require interpretation in context to be fully understood (also why it’s so hard to get machines to understand them). Natural languages are also creative and allow poetry, metaphor and other interpretations. Programming does allow some variation in style, but the meaning is not flexible.

Lojban (Wikipedia) is an artificial language designed to try to bridge the gap between these two types of languages. It is specifically unambiguous yet something that a human can pronounce and even speak meaningfully. It can be considered a somewhat successful experiment yet limited in functionality in some ways in both domains (and not a real substitute for a normal programming language, but perhaps useful as an interface).

Natural languages consist of sentences, usually declarative sentences expressing information in a sequence. Programming languages typically are not declarative but procedural, giving instructions to the machine to do something (like commands in natural languages). Rarely, programming languages are declarative, such as Prolog, where statements are given to the computer, then the evaluation consists of finding possible solutions that match those statements (generate a list of words based on possible combinations of letters as defined just by letter-combining rules, for example).

The vocabulary of natural languages is filled with conceptual terms. The vocabulary of programming languages is generally only ‘grammatical’/functional ‘words’ like basic comments, plus various custom-named things like variables and functions. There are no words like you’d look up in a dictionary to express something like ‘love’ or ‘happy’ or ‘sing’.

The grammatical structures vary in more ways than are easy to list here. But some of the most obvious factors are that words don’t have separable parts in programming languages (like English cat-s to form a plural) [=no morphology], and that via brackets, line breaks or other markers, embedding tends to be overtly and clearly marked on both sides for the parser in programming languages, whereas spoken languages usually only have one word (like “that”) linking embedded sentences, and sometimes no word at all. This is another reason that parsing human languages is so hard on a computer.

You could also look at Hockett’s design features and see which apply to programming languages: What is the difference between human and animal language?

In a very general sense, programming languages aren’t used for bidirectional communication and may not properly be considered “languages” in the same sense as natural languages. Just looking at Hockett’s features, they’re completely distinct in being written only, do not involve interchangeability between the speaker and hearer, do not have ‘duality of patterning’ meaning multiple layers of structure as sounds vs. phrases (phonology vs. syntax), and are not transmitted culturally (well, maybe). It’s just very hard to even try to make the comparison.

Most fundamentally, it is worth asking if programming languages even have meaning, or if they are just instructions. This is similar to the Chinese room thought experiment— given a book of instructions for how to translate Chinese, but without actually understanding it, would a human (or computer) with that book be considered to “know” Chinese? Probably not. A computer doesn’t “know” anything, it just does what the instructions tell it to. Therefore, programming languages have no semantics/meaning. They just are instructions, which translate into electronic signals, nothing more.

6 0
2 years ago
Which tables and fields would you access to determine which book titles have been purchased by a customer and when the order shi
enyata [817]

Answer:

To determine which book titles have been purchased by a customer and when the order shipped the following tables and fields would be used.

Table:      

  • CUSTOMERS

Fields

  • Customerno

Table

  • ORDERS

Fields:

  • Orderno
  • Shipdate
  • Customerno

Table:

  • ORDERITEMS

Fields:

  • Orderno

Table:

  • BOOKS

Fields

  • isbn
  • title

BOOKS table contains field like title of the books, so this will help in finding which book titles have been purchased.

CUSTOMERS table keeps information about customers that purchasing an ordering the books. The customerno uniquely identifies each customer so that the order information can be found using the customerno of a specific customer.

ORDERITEMS keeps information about orders via orderno

ORDERS table will keep track about the shipment of orders. Orderno identifies each order, shipdate will help determine when an order is shipped.

7 0
3 years ago
Can i have help for a ggogle class room
andrew11 [14]

Answer:

or tell ur teacher to add u in ur class

Explanation:

3 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
Most software packages have functions for generating _____ about columns of data, which include statistical summaries like contr
GrogVix [38]

Answer:

Descriptives is the correct answer of this question.

Explanation:

Some software packages provide data column definitions that include qualitative summaries such as control averages, mean, average, minimum, standard deviation, number of zero values, number of empty records, etc.

  • A  descriptives summary is a sentence that gives someone information or something.
  • Description is the style of narration creation aimed at making a location, an event, a character or a community vivid.

There are 2 types of Descriptives :-

  1. Narrative type.
  2. Argumentative type.

3 0
3 years ago
What is the difference between compliled and intebrated language?
Nady [450]

Answer:  

A compiled language is a programming language whose implementations are typically compilers and not interpreters. In this language, once the program is compiled it is expressed in the instructions of the target machine. There are at least two steps to get from source code to execution. While, an interpreted language is a programming language whose implementations execute instructions directly and freely, without previously compiling a program into machine-language instructions. While in this language, the instructions are not directly executed by the target machine. There is only one step to get from source code to execution.

I hope this helps.

3 0
2 years ago
Read 2 more answers
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