Answer:
Atom, smallest unit into which matter can be divided without the release of electrically charged particles. It also is the smallest unit of matter that has the characteristic properties of a chemical element. As such, the atom is the basic building block of chemistry.
Atom: has equal number of +ve charge (protons) and -ve charge electrons and hence atom has charge.
Neutrons (having no charge) and protons are present in nucleus. Electrons keep revolving around the nucleus in different shells.
Answer:
C) behavioral isolation
Explanation:
The mechanisms of reproductive isolation that prevent the formation of a zygote by interbreeding between the individuals of two different species are called pre-zygotic isolation mechanisms. Behavioral isolation is one of such pre-zygotic isolation mechanisms. It includes the exchange of specific signals between the individuals of the same species before mating. Such specific courtship behaviors represent behavioral isolation.
Different species of fruit flies exhibit specific courtship behaviors such as fighting and display to attract the females of the same species only. These signals are not identified by females of the other species. It represents behavioral isolation.
<span>When solar radiation passes through the atmosphere, it is absorbed and scattered, not only by atmospheric gases, but also by aerosols and clouds. Aerosols are defined as suspensions of liquid or solid particles in the air, excluding cloud droplets and precipitation.
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Answer:
The circulatory and respiratory systems interact to transport carbon dioxide to the lungs, where it is expelled from the body.
Explanation:
Carbon dioxide produced by the cells and tissues during cellular respiration is removed from the body through the interaction of the circulatory and respiratory system. The medium of transport of carbon dioxide is the blood which carries to the lungs, where it is expelled from the body in ordernto maintain homeostasis in the body.
Carbon dioxide molecules are transported in the blood from body tissues to the lungs in three ways:
1. Dissolution directly into the blood - due to its greater solubility in blood than oxygen, carbon dioxide is dissolved in blood plasma. On reaching the lungs, it leaves the blood by diffusion and is then expelled out of the body.
2. Binding to hemoglobin - carbon dioxide binds reversibly with haemoglobin in the red blood cells to form a molecule called carbaminohemoglobin. When it reaches the lungs, the carbon dioxide freely dissociate from the hemoglobin and is expelled from the body.
3. Carried as a bicarbonate ion - the majority of carbon dioxide molecules are carried as part of the bicarbonate buffer system. In this system, carbon dioxide diffuses into the red blood cells. The enzyme carbonic anhydrase within the red blood cells quickly converts the carbon dioxide into carbonic acid (H2CO3) which then dissociates into bicarbonate and hydrogen ions. The bicarbonate ions leaves the red blood cells in exchange for chloride ions in the plasma. The bicarbonate ions then travel in plasma to the lungs, where they enter the red blood cells again. It combines with hydrogen ions from the haemoglobin to form carbonic acid. Carbonic anhydrase breaks carbonic acid down into water and carbon dioxide which is then expelled from the lungs.
The process of dissolving two organic molecules in a polymer and recombining the water molecules to create new monomers is known as hydrolysis.
<h3>What is hydrolysis?</h3>
The molecule is broken in a hydrolysis reaction involving an ester bond, such as the one between two amino acids in a protein. As a result, the water molecule (H₂O) splits into two groups: one that forms a hydroxyl (OH) group with the remaining hydrogen proton (H+) and another that transforms into a carboxylic acid.
Practically speaking, hydrolysis refers to the process of separating compounds when water is present.
Condensation, which is the process by which two molecules combine to produce one bigger molecule, can also be thought of as the opposite reaction to hydrolysis. The outcome of this reaction is that a water molecule is ejected by the larger molecule.
The three primary hydrolysis processes are
- Acid hydrolysis.
- Base hydrolysis.
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