The supremacy law that establishes the federal government establishes that the state governments must be subordinate to the federal authority. In line with this law, whenever the interests of the federal government collide with those of state governments, the interest of federal government shall always supersede.
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Answer: theory/concept of natural state.
Explanation: Modern times (in philosophy usually associated with René Descartes, who died in 1650, i.e. times when so-called modern philosophy was initiated) mark the beginning of non-religious explanation of society. It means that social philosophers no more refer to Bible and Biblical mythology as their primary resource. Instead of that they work with the fiction of "natural state". These theories are usually called theories of natural state and within these concept one can find not only concept of human nature (as a part of modern philosophical anthropology) but also so called "natural rights" of men. It is especially Locke and Hobbes that mark that period in this respect, but also bit younger Jean Jacques Rousseau.
Answer:
The Protestant Reformation was a threat to the power that the Catholic Church had over Europe because the Catholic Church got all of their money from the members of the church. The Church sold indulgences to the people and told the people that if they did not buy indulgences, then they or their loved ones would not go to heaven. Protestants did not believe in the sell of indulgences, so this would cut the Catholic Church's money supply off big time.
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