The answer is A. def- of a plant or animal) native or restricted to a certain country or area.
"a marsupial endemic to northeastern Australia"
Mesophyll is a partí al reaction
Answer:
The Answer is c. Mitosis: Eukaryotic Cell Division and Cloning Specialist.
Explanation:
Mitosis means when a cell divides into two cells. As cells divide, the number of cells doubles. And each cell is an exact duplicate of the original cell, or a clone. Eukaryotic means that everything in the cell is enclosed in a membrane.
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Answer with Explanation:
Gramicidine is an antibiotic that has a polypeptide structure and is composed of 3 chains. This molecule can adopt a structure called beta 6-3 helix, so as to form a channel through the cell membrane of bacteria which allows the passage of ions (in this case cations) such as H +, K + or Na +, this situation leads to that in the cell alterations in the content of cellular cations are generated, among the effects the loss of potassium that can cause the death of the cell due to hemolysis due to alteration in the permeability of the membrane is highlighted. This effect is known as the ionophore effect.
An ionophore effect leads to the inhibition in the release of H + to the mitochondrial electronic transport chain.
Gramicidin thanks to its mechanism of action, when it produces interference specifically in a cellular organelle called mitochondria in the inner mitochondrial membrane, it is responsible for interrupting the passage of electrons, alters the gradient of H + and the performance of the enzyme called ATP- synthase which is responsible for producing ATP.
The damage that the entire previous situation produces on oxidative phosphorylation, leads to the refusal of ADP refosphorylation, then ADP and its hydrolysis products will accumulate, and finally the result will be a decrease in ATP levels.
