Taft reshaped U.S. diplomacy through dollar diplomacy, and Woodrow Wilson used moral diplomacy
Answer: The Mayor of the territory
"Law 23: if the robber is not caught, the man who has been robed shall formally declare whatever he has lost before a god, and the city and the mayor in whose territory or district the robbery has been committed shall replace for him whatever he has lost"
Because I'm not sure what text you're referring to, I can only talk on what I know about Galileo. Because he created the telescope and was able to provide more legitimate evidence to support Copernicus' Heliocentric Theory, he began proving that some of the Church's teachings were not correct. This was deemed heresy (to go against the belief and teachings of those around you in a way that seems like betrayal rather than freedom of thought)