Answer:
The Investiture Controversy between the Holy Roman Emperor and the pope was Option B: who could appoint church officers, the secular emperor or the pope.
Explanation:
During the Middle Ages, the 'Medieval Christian church' was led by Pope and the nation was led by the king. One great disagreement between Pope Gregory VII and King Henry IV (of Holy Roman Emperor) was the question of who would appoint the local church officials. Henry thought that he should have the right to appoint the bishops of the church as he was the king. And Pope opposed stating that he should have this power.
It was not because of how the crusades should be funded or on taxes.
Answer:
a. learned behavior
Explanation:
Behaviorists such as Ivan Pavlov, B. F. Skinner, John Watson, and Edward Thorndike, etc studied the concept of behaviorism or behavioral psychology which is a learning-based theory encompassing the idea that all behaviors are being acquired or learned through conditioning.
Learned behavior: The term learned behavior refers to the phenomenon being developed by organisms through experiences. Learned behaviors include both experiences and innate elements i.e, genetics. In other words, learned behavior is defined as an action or skill developed in an individual through watching or being told to perform a particular task.
In the question above, behaviorists study learned behaviors.
Freedom is the power or right to act, speak, or think as one wants without hindrance or restraint
